Pakistan air pollution cuts life expectancy

Titled 'Unveiling Pakistan's Air Pollution: A National Landscape Report on Health Risks, Sources, and Solutions', the report presents Pakistan's first harmonised, multi-sector emissions inventory alongside a multi-city assessment of air quality.

It examines pollution patterns across the major urban airsheds of Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad–Rawalpindi and Peshawar, identifying the principal sources of emissions in each area and outlining measures that could reduce them by up to 50 per cent.

The founder of PAQI, who was part of the team that prepared the report, said the assessment drew on ground-based air quality measurements, satellite data and local activity datasets. These included fuel consumption, vehicle fleet composition, industrial records and estimates of pollutants released by different sectors.

The analysis covers fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), providing a sector-wise assessment of emissions across the four urban airsheds., Lahore's annual average PM2.5 concentration exceeds 110 micrograms per cubic metre, more than 22 times the World Health Organisation's annual guideline of five micrograms per cubic metre.

Prolonged exposure to these pollution levels could reduce life expectancy in the city by up to seven years, the report estimates. Winter temperature inversions further aggravate the problem by restricting the vertical dispersion of pollutants, allowing polluted air to accumulate near the ground.

Transport is identified as the largest source of primary PM2.5 emissions in Lahore, accounting for 35 per cent, followed by industry at 28 per cent and brick kilns at 17 per cent. These sources contribute significantly to the city's particulate pollution, with winter weather conditions intensifying their effects.

Karachi presents a different emissions profile, with industrial activity accounting for 49 per cent of emissions,.