COP31 summit leaders urge world to move faster on climate

"The urgency of this moment must drive us forward," UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Simon Stiell said at the opening of the event on Turkey's Mediterranean coast, adding that progress so far was "nowhere near fast enough.

"Areportby the United Nations Environment Programme published in October said the world ​was already poised to overshoot 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming above pre-industrial times, the threshold set at the 2015 Paris climate summit to avoid the worst consequences of warming.

This ​year is on track to be one of the four hottest on record, driven by apowerful El Nino, aUN report showedon Monday. It has also ⁠stood out with a series of extreme heatwaves across Western Europe and a glacier collapse in Nepal that triggered acatastrophic floodkilling more than 1,450 people, withthousands still missing.

Turkey's COP31 presidency has ​focused this year's summit on a goal to electrify more than a third of the global economy by 2035, up from around a fifth today. It is asking nations to sign ontoa pledge, opens new tab​supporting that target.

Theoretically, such a goal could help reduce planet-warming emissions by speeding the global shift away from fossil fuel-powered vehicles, furnaces, boilers, cooking stoves, and other greenhouse gas-emitting equipment.

"We want people to feel the results of climate talks in daily life: in buildings that use less energy, in clean public transport, in energy they can afford and in new jobs," Turkey's COP31 President Murat Kurum said.

But climate advocates have criticised the pledge because it ​does not require the additional electricity to come from low-carbon sources, setting up an early fight over whether electrification alone should count as climate progress. Read More:COP31: the crisis of climate finance.

Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan said he hoped Turkey ​could deliver concrete results. "Our goal is to make this summit a platform where concrete results are produced, where countries turn their pledges into action, because it is no longer time to make promises that remain on ‌paper," Erdogan ⁠ flight from Azerbaijan, comments shared by his office on Monday.

WAR AND TECHThe. Iran warhas underscored the world's attachment to fossil fuels, as has Russia'sinvasion of Ukraine, though some say the wars have also shown the benefits of moving to renewables.

Now in its ninth month, the Iran war has severely disrupted Middle East oil shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, lifting fuel prices around the globe and prompting a scramble for new supplies.

US President Donald Trump's administration — which is shunning climate talks for the second year running — has encouraged policies ​maximising oil, gas, and coal production to address ​the disruptions. South Korea, India, Thailand and other ⁠Asian nations, meanwhile, have also increased their reliance on coal or taken steps to boost coal-fired power generation.

"A lot of people who previously might have been embarrassed to argue for continuing very high use of fossil fuel are now feeling empowered to make that case," said John Holdren of ​Harvard University, who was a science adviser to Barack Obama when he was US president.

At the same time, the deployment of renewable energy ​has also risen, driven by ⁠surging exports of cheapclean tech from China. Stiell the clear answer to improving energy security. "This year's fossil fuel cost chaos has delivered a global shockwave, hitting households hard and spreading inflation like a cancer," he said.

"But the solutions are clear," he added, saying renewable energy installations had already saved the global economy hundreds of billions of dollars. The rapid rollout of AI is also complicating talks, ⁠driving asurge in ​global power demandand contributing to rising greenhouse gas emissions.

Turkey will call on governments, businesses and other institutions at ​COP31 tosign a pledgeoutlining principles to ensure AI is developed and deployed sustainably. Chris Bowen, Australia's president of COP31 negotiations, said he hoped the conference would show the world that multilateralism works.

"Let's show future generations that this generation was equal to ​the moment, equal to the challenge," he said.